2D and 3D imaging for morphological assessment of maxillofacial cyst and tumors: a case series / Imagen 3D para la evaluación morfológica de quistes y tumores maxilofaciales: serie de casos

SUMMARY: The use and importance of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the diagnostic, treatment and long term follow up of odontogenic tumours, as well as one reconstruction and dental implants rehabilitation is reported. This clinical series shows diagnosis of odontogenic tumors using selected and used CBCT for initial diagnosis, morphological characterization, and follow up for 5 to 10 years. The CBCTs showed the size and form of the tumor and the follow up showed a satisfactory remodelling of bone and the success in the rehabilition with dental implants. No signs of recurrence were observed. The conventional radiographies, Fan Beam CT, Cone Beam CT and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are discussed in the use for follow up of odontogenic tumors. It is concluded that CBCT is an efficient tool for diagnosis, follow up and assessment of the morphology and size of the tumor in order to achieve the best treatment plan, returning the functional conditions to the patients.

RESUMEN: Se reporta el uso y la importancia de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT) en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento a largo plazo de tumores odontogénicos, tal como en una reconstrucción y rehabilitación de implantes dentales. Esta serie clínica muestra el diagnóstico de tumores odontogénicos utilizando CBCT seleccionados y usados para el diagnóstico inicial, caracterización morfológica y seguimiento durante 5 a 10 años. Los CBCT mostraron el tamaño y la forma del tumor y el seguimiento mostró un remodelamiento óseo satisfactorio y el éxito de la rehabilitación con implantes dentales. No se observaron signos de recurrencia. Las radiografías convencionales, el uso de TAC, TAC de haz cónico y resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) se consideran para el seguimiento de tumores odontogénicos. Se concluye que CBCT es una herramienta eficaz en el diagnóstico y seguimiento a largo plazo para evaluar la morfología del tumor y de su tamaño, y además, para obtener los mejores resultados en el tratamiento y eventuales condiciones funcionales de los pacientes.

Prevalencia, distribución y diagnóstico histopatológico de hallazgos de imágenes radiolúcidas en los maxilares / Prevalence, distribution and histopathologic diagnosis of radiolucid images findings in the jaws

RESUMENObjetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la prevalencia, ubicación y diagnóstico histopatológico de las lesiones radiolúcidas presentes en las radiografías panorámicas de pacientes que concurrieron a la cátedra de Cirugía y Traumatología Bucomaxilofacial I de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, cuando el motivo de consulta no coincidió con el hallazgo radiográfico.Métodos: se realizó un análisis retrospectivo, observacional y descriptivo que consistió en identificar las imágenes radiolúcidas mayores a 1 cm de diámetro y presentes en radiografías panorámicas a partir de la revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes que concurrieron y fueron tratados quirúrgicamente en la cátedra de Cirugía y Traumatología Bucomaxilofacial I desde marzo de 2014 a diciembre de 2019. A partir de dichas historias clínicas, se registró edad y género del paciente, ubicación de la lesión en el maxilar, asociación o no a una pieza dentaria y resultado anatomopatológico.Resultados: los resultados AP se asociaron significativamente con los rangos etarios, no así con los sectores de piezas, ni con el sexo (AU)

Objective: the objective of this study was to identify the prevalence, location and histopathological diagnosis of radiolucent lesions present in the panoramic radiographs of patients who attended the chair of Bucomaxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology I, when the reason for consultation did not coincide with the radiographic finding.Methods: a retrospective, observational and descriptive analysis was carried out that consisted of identifying radiolucent images larger than 1 cm diameter present in panoramic radiographs from the review of medical records of patients who attended and were treated surgically in the chair of Bucomaxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology I from March 2014 to December 2019. From these medical records, the age and gender of the patient, location of the lesion in the maxilla, its association or not with a tooth, and pathological results were recorded.Results: the anatomopathological results were significantly associated with the age ranges, not with the sectors of pieces or with sex.

Tumor odontogénico adenomatoide en dos adolescentes / Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor in two adolescents

Se describen 2 casos clínicos de adolescentes de ambos sexos, quienes presentaron edemas en el lado izquierdo de la mandíbula con reabsorción dental y en la porción anterior del maxilar, respectivamente. La histopatología reveló una variante folicular intraósea del tumor odontogénico adenomatoide. El tratamiento quirúrgico empleado fue una enucleación con resultados satisfactorios.

Two cases reports of adolescents from both sexes are described, they presented edemas in the left side of the maxillary with dental reabsorption and in the anterior portion of the maxillary, respectively. The histopathology revealed an intraosseous folicular variety of the adenomatoid odontogenic tumor. The surgical treatment used was an enucleation with satisfactory results.

Fibromixoma Odontogénico Agresivo en Maxila: Abordaje Quirúrgico / Aggressive Odontogenic Fibromixoma in Maxilla: Surgical Approach

RESUMEN: El fibromixoma odontogénico (FM) es una infrecuente lesión benigna que muestra un comportamiento invasivo. Considerada una variante del mixoma odontogénico, presenta un origen mesenquimal controvertido y ligera predilección por el sexo femenino. La lesión está asociada a zonas con estructuras dentales adyacentes, siendo su localización más frecuente la región mandibular posterior. El objetivo de este trabajo fue mostrar un caso agresivo de FM en una paciente, localizado en la zona posterior de maxila, destacando su abordaje quirúrgico. Se reporta un caso de una mujer de 52 años, la cual acudió a la consulta por presentar una masa indolora, firme a la palpación en el lado derecho de la maxila. Radiográficamente se observaba como una imagen radiopaca, de márgenes mal definidos que se extendía en el seno maxilar ipsilateral; la tomografía computarizada pudo evidenciar la expansión de las paredes del antro y la fosa nasal, con compromiso del cigomático y el piso de órbita. Se realizó biopsia incisional y el diagnóstico histopatológico fue de FM. El tratamiento de elección consistió en la resección en bloque, mediante abordaje Weber-Fergusson, acompañada de reconstrucción con placa y malla de titanio para garantizar la suspensión del globo ocular; un nuevo estudio histopatológico, confirmó el diagnóstico inicial. Al año del procedimiento quirúrgico no se evidenció recidiva, observando que el material de reconstrucción mantiene su posición, proporcionado estética y funcionabilidad a la paciente.

ABSTRACT: Odontogenic fibromyxoma (FM) is an infrequent benign lesion that shows with invasive characteristics. Considered a variant of the odontogenic myxoma, it presents a controversial mesenchymal origin and is somewhat more frequent in women. The lesion is associated with areas with adjacent dental structures, with its most frequent location in the posterior mandibular region. The objective of this study was to show an aggressive case of FM in a female, located in the posterior area of the maxilla, emphasizing its surgical approach. A case of a 52-year-old woman, who came to the clinic because of a painless, firm mass on the right side of the maxilla. Radiographically, it was seen as a radiopaque image, with poorly defined margins extending in the ipsilateral maxillary sinus; computed tomography showed the expansion of the walls of the antrum and the nasal cavity, with zygomatic compromise and the orbital floor. An incisional biopsy was performed and the histopathological diagnosis was FM. The treatment of choice consisted of block resection, using a WeberFerguson approach, along with reconstruction with a titanium plaque and mesh to guarantee suspension of the eyeball; a new histopathological study, confirmed the initial diagnosis. One year after the surgical procedure, there is no recurrence, and the reconstruction material maintains its position, providing aesthetic and functionality to the patient.

Lesiones bucales y maxilofaciales en niños y adolescentes / Oral and maxillofacial lesions in children and adolescents

Introduction: Despite the vast literature reporting the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial diseases in the last decades, few studies have focused on lesions biopsied in the pediatric population. Objective: To determine the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial lesions that were biopsied in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years. Methods: Observational and descriptive study. We carried out a retrospective review of 862 reports of pathological examinations performed in an oral pathology laboratory of the northeast of Brazil, during the period from March 2001 to December 2009. The categories were neoplasms, hyperplastic/reactionary lesions, salivary gland lesions, bone lesions, healthy tissues and teeth, oral mucosal lesions, cystic lesions, odontogenic tumors, periapical inflammation, dental alteration and conclusive diagnosis. Results: The epidemiological profile of patients was characterized by females (53.24 percent), Caucasian (45.12 percent), with a mean age of 13.06 years. Salivary gland lesions were the category with the largest number of cases (182), and mucocele was the most prevalent histopathological diagnosis (18.44 percent), with an average size of 1.97 cm. Most cases were asymptomatic (70.88 percent). Conclusions: This study showed a predominance of lesions diagnosed as benign, the most prevalent lesions were associated with the salivary gland. Females were the most affected(AU)

Introducción: A pesar de la gran cantidad de literatura que informa sobre la prevalencia de enfermedades bucales y maxilofaciales en las últimas décadas, pocos estudios se concentraron en las lesiones biopsiadas en la población pediátrica. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de las lesiones bucales y maxilofaciales que fueron biopsiadas en los niños y adolescentes de 0 a 19 años. Métodos: Estudio observacional y descriptivo. Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de 862 informes de los exámenes patológicos realizados en un laboratorio de Patología Oral del nordeste de Brasil, durante el período comprendido entre marzo de 2001 y diciembre de 2009. Las categorías fueron: neoplasias, hiperplásicas / lesiones reactivas, lesiones de las glándulas salivales, lesiones óseas, tejidos y dientes sanos, lesiones de la mucosa bucal, lesiones quísticas, tumores odontogénicos, inflamación periapical, alteración dental y diagnóstico concluyente. Resultados: El perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes se caracterizó por las mujeres (53,24 por ciento), de raza caucásica (45,12 por ciento) con una edad media de 13,06 años. Lesiones de las glándulas salivales fueron la categoría con el mayor número de casos (182), y el mucocele fue el diagnóstico histopatológico más frecuente (18,44 por ciento), con un tamaño medio de 1,97 cm. La mayoría de los casos fueron asintomáticos (70,88 por ciento). Conclusiones: Este estudio mostró un predominio de las lesiones diagnosticadas como benignas. Las lesiones más frecuentes se relacionaron con la glándula salival. Las mujeres fueron las más afectadas(AU)

Hybrid lesion formed by a complex odontoma and dentigerous cyst: radiographic and histomorphological findings: a case report

Hybrid lesions of the oral cavity are infrequent and share characteristics with a number of other pathologies. both odontomas and dentigerous cysts are of odontogenic origin, but their simultaneous occurrence is rare and scarce. clinical and radiographic examinations are not conclusive, making their identification difficult, while histopathological studies can reveal their defining characteristics. the aim of this report was to describe the radiographic and histomorphological findings of a hybrid lesion formed by a complex odontoma and a dentigerous cyst, affecting the mandible of a 22-year-old man, from Cartagena, Colombia, who had no relevant medical history, and no symptoms or discomfort in the affected area.

Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma of the mandible: a treatment strategy

Abstract Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) is a rare odontogenic tumor of the jaws, histologically characterized by the presence of agglomerates of cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. The patient, a 62-year-old Caucasian woman, presented an intraosseous lesion in the mandibular symphysis. A clinical examination revealed a discrete volumetric increase with a hard consistency, palpable to extraoral and intraoral examinations. Imaging studies revealed an extensive radiolucent area, without defined limits, extending from the region of the right second premolar to the left canine. Incisional biopsy analysis indicated a diagnosis of CCOC. The treatment proposed was segmental resection of the mandible with a safety margin. After six months without recurrence, definitive mandibular reconstruction was performed using an iliac crest graft, followed by rehabilitation with implant-supported denture after five months. After three years of post-resection follow-up, the patient has shown no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. She continues to be under follow-up. To conclude, CCOC must be considered a malignant tumor with aggressive behavior. Previous studies have shown that resection with free margins is a treatment with a lower rate of recurrence. Nevertheless, long-term follow-up is necessary for such patients.

The relevance of clinical and radiographic features of jaw lesions: A prospective study

Abstract The study was carried out in a Brazilian population and the aim was to describe the prevalence and the clinic-radiographical features of jaw lesions. In addition, a comparison between the main diagnosis hypothesis and final diagnosis was accessed. A prospective study which evaluated all patients with jaw lesions diagnosed in an Oral Diagnosis Center, between August 2013 and October 2014. A total of 450 patients were observed for the first time, and 130 had some type of jaw lesion. The mean age of the patients was 35.2 years ± 17.86. Among these, 71 were women (54.62%) and 87 were Caucasian (66.92%). The mandible was affected more frequently (71.43%) than the maxilla (28.57%). Swelling and pain were the most frequent clinical signs and symptoms and were observed in 60 (42.85%) and 38 (27.14%) cases, respectively. The panoramic x-ray was the main radiographic exam utilized (88.57%). Radiolucent lesions accounted for 89 cases (63.57%) and the unilocular form was present in 114 cases (81.43%). A total of 93 cases had histopathological analyses and the periapical cyst was the most frequent lesion. In the other 47 lesions, the diagnosis was conducted by clinical and radiographic management. Bone lesions were frequent, being noted on first visit in approximately 30% of patients; in 1/3 of the cases, the diagnoses were completed with a combination of clinical and radiographic exams.

Association between radiographic features and cell proliferation in keratocystic odontogenic tumor / Asociación entre las características radiográficas y la proliferación celular en el tumor odontogénico queratoquístico

The radiographic features of an intraosseous lesion are usually associated with the biological behavior of the tumor. In view of the fact that the growth and behavior of keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOT) is mainly associated with the proliferation of the cystic epithelium, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between cell proliferation markers and radiographic features of this tumor. Thirty-seven radiographs of KCOT obtained from 30 patients were scanned and evaluated on a monitor. Sections were submitted to immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, p63, and p53 proteins on an EnVision system. Thirty-one KCOTs were observed in the posterior of the mandible, and the unilocular aspect was predominant (n= 26). Nineteen KCOTs distorted the mandibular canal and 11 displaced teeth. Satellite cysts were associated with a multilocular aspect (P= 0.016). p53 was in KCOTS with diffuse margins (p=0.049), p63 with NBCCS (p=0.049) KOT and higher KI-67 positive cells was observed in KCOTs presenting distortion of the mandibular canal (p=0.042). The distribution of Ki-67, p63, and p53 positive cells was similar between KCOTs with uni- and multilocular aspects. The results of the present study suggest that cell proliferation in KCOT contributes to the radiographic features of this tumor.

Las características radiográficas de una lesión intraósea se asocian generalmente con el comportamiento biológico del tumor. Debido a esto, el crecimiento y comportamiento de los tumores odontogénicos queratoquísticos se asocian principalmente con la proliferación del epitelio quístico. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la relación entre los marcadores de proliferación celular y las características radiológicas de este tumor. Se escanearon y evaluaron 37 radiografías de tumores odontogénicos queratoquísticos obtenidos de 30 pacientes y las secciones de sus biopsias fueron sometidas a evaluación inmunohistoquímica para las proteíneas Ki-67, p63 y p53 en un sistema Envision. Se observaron 31 tumores odontogénicos queratoquísticos en el área posterior de la mandíbula, con predominio del aspecto unilocular (n= 26). Diecinueve tumores odontogénicos queratoquísticos distorsionaron el canal mandibular y se observaron 11 dientes desplazados. Los quistes satélites se asociaron con el aspecto multilocular (P= 0,016). La distribución de células positivas para Ki-67, p63 y p53 fue similar entre tumores odontogénicos queratoquísticos con aspectos uniformes y multiloculares, y no estaban relacionadod con la distorsión del canal mandibular (P>0,05) o con el desplazamiento del diente (P>0,05). Los resultados del presente estudio sugieren que la proliferación celular en tumores odontogénicos queratoquísticos contribuye a las características radiográficas de este tumor.

Tumor de Pindborg relacionado con trauma facial / Pindborg's tumor in relationship with facial traumata

El tumor de Pindborg es una neoplasia benigna, rara, con carácter invasivo local y tendencia a la recidiva, que representa entre el 0,17 y el 1,8 por ciento de todos los tumores odontogénicos, del cual tan solo se han publicado unos 200 casos, con una media de 4 casos nuevos por año en el mundo. Se presentó el caso de un hombre de 39 años de edad que acudió a la consulta de cirugía maxilofacial remitido de neurocirugía postraumatismo craneofacial, por presentar un aumento de volumen en el ángulo mandibular derecho. Se tuvo como objetivo publicar la existencia de esta infrecuente neoplasia por lo interesantes que resultan estos tumores por su evolución, dificultad en el diagnóstico, variantes de tratamiento y tendencia a la recidiva. Después de realizar exámenes de laboratorio, radiografías, tomografía axial computarizada y biopsia de fragmento óseo, se obtuvo extensión y diagnóstico de tumor de Pindborg en hemimandíbula derecha. Se realizó la técnica quirúrgica de hemimandibulectomía derecha y reconstrucción con injerto óseo de cresta ilíaca. La evolución del paciente fue satisfactoria(AU)

The Pindborg's tumor is a benign and uncommon neoplasm with a local invasive character and a trend to relapse accounting for the 0.17 and the 1.8 percent of all odontogenic tumors with only 200 cases published in the literature and a mean of four cases per year at world scale. This is the case of a man aged 39 came our consultation of Maxillofacial Surgery referred from Neurosurgery Service after a craniofacial trauma and an increase of volume in right mandibular angle with the aim to publish the existence of this uncommon neoplasm due to the interesting of this type of tumor by its evolution, difficulty for diagnosis, variants of treatment and trend to relapse. After carry out laboratory examinations, X-rays, axial tomography computerize and biopsy of bone fragment, it was possible the extension and diagnosis of Pindbog's tumor in right hemi-mandible. The right hemimandibulectomy is performed as surgical technique and the reconstruction using bone graft of iliac crest. Evolution of patient is satisfactory(AU)

Massive keratocystic odontogenic tumor of mandible: A case report and review of literature.

Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), also known as odontogenic keratocysts, as defined by World Health Organization (WHO), are known for their peculiar behavior, varied origin, debated development, unique tendency to recur, and disputed treatment modalities. We present a case of KCOT involving symphysis menti, right and left halves of the body of mandible in an 11-year-old girl treated with enucleation and open dressing (bismuth, iodoform, paraffin paste) with long-term follow-up.

Squamous odontogenic tumor: with recurrence and 12 years of follow-up / Tumor odontogênico escamoso: com recidiva e doze anos de acompanhamento

O tumor odontogênico escamoso é uma neoplasia benigna rara que pode ser única ou múltipla. Os autores apresentam uma revisão das características clínicas, radiográficas e histopatológicas do tumor odontogênico escamoso e relatam um caso de um paciente com recidiva com acompanhamento de doze anos e discutem os critérios de diagnóstico e abordagens terapêuticas.

Squamous odontogenic tumor is a rare benign neoplasm and may affect multiple sites in the mouth. The authors review the clinical, radiographic and histopathological features of Squamous odontogenic tumor and report a case of a patient with recurrent Squamous odontogenic tumor and 12 years of followup and discuss diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches.

Odontogenic myxoma of the maxillary sinus in a Nigerian child - report of a case

A case of grossly disfiguring swelling of the right maxilla in a Nigerian girl with delayed presentation due to socio-economic factors is presented. A 15 year old girl presented with a right facial upper jaw swelling of six years duration. It was painless and progressive, with expansion into the right maxilla, zygoma and filling the maxillary antrum with an intra-oral extension and nasal obstruction. The CT scan revealed an expansive radiolucent mass of the right maxilla and the lesion was surgically excised completely via a right maxillectomy. The histolopathological features of the excised mass are consistent with fibrous dysplasia of the right maxilla which has undergone myxomatous degeneration. This case highlights the clinical, radiological and histological characteristics of this rare locally aggressive tumour that underwent myxomatous degeneration as a result of late presentation due to socio-ecnomic factors. More concerted efforts should be made to make the national health insurance scheme fully operational. This will make presentations at the hospitals not to be delayed thereby avoiding complications

Fibroma odontogénico maxilar: a propósito de un caso / Maxillary odontogenic fibroma: Apropos of a case

El fibroma odontogénico maxilar es un tumor raro, que acontece en menos del 0,1 por ciento de los tumores odontógenos. Solo alrededor de 69 casos bien documentados han sido reportados en la literatura. Teniendo en cuenta la casuística, se considera de interés aportar un nuevo caso. Se revisa el tema. Se reporta un caso de paciente masculino, blanco, de 34 años de edad, que refiere inflamación gingival marcada en región de primer molar maxilar derecho que fue diagnosticado clínica, imagenológica e histológicamente en el Hospital Interprovincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico Manuel Ascunce Doménech de Camagüey, e intervenido quirúrgicamente en el año 2002. Se brindan consideraciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas reportadas en la literatura. El paciente en el momento del reporte está rehabilitado y controlado(AU)

The maxillary odontogenic fibroma is a rare tumor that appears in less than 0.1 percent of the odontogenic tumors. Only about 69 well documented cases have been reported in literature. Taking into account the casuistics, it was considered interesting to report a new case of a white 34-year-old male patient that referred marked gingival inflammation in the region of the first right maxillary molar that was diagnosed from the clinical, imaging and histological point of view at "Manuel Ascunce Doménech" Interprovincial Teaching Hospital, in Camagüey, and was operated on in 2002. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations reported in literature are given. The patient at the moment of the interview was rehabilitated and under control(AU)